劍橋雅思8test1閱讀passage3 請(qǐng)問(wèn)2023年3月27日雅思閱讀考試真題答案

今天大學(xué)路小編整理了劍橋雅思8test1閱讀passage3 請(qǐng)問(wèn)2023年3月27日雅思閱讀考試真題答案相關(guān)信息，希望在這方面能夠更好幫助到大家。

本文目錄一覽：

• 1、2023年5月20日雅思閱讀考試真題及答案解析
• 2、請(qǐng)問(wèn)2023年3月27日雅思閱讀考試真題答案
• 3、2020年8月1日雅思閱讀考試真題答案

2023年5月20日雅思閱讀考試真題及答案解析

您好，我是專注留學(xué)考試規(guī)劃和留學(xué)咨詢的小鐘老師。在追尋留學(xué)夢(mèng)想的路上，選擇合適的學(xué)校和專業(yè)，準(zhǔn)備相關(guān)考試，都可能讓人感到迷茫和困擾。作為一名有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的留學(xué)顧問(wèn)，我在此為您提供全方位的專業(yè)咨詢和指導(dǎo)。歡迎隨時(shí)提問(wèn)！
在雅思考試中，閱讀考試對(duì)于一部分同學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō)，有一點(diǎn)困難，還在備考的同學(xué)，可以看看雅思考試的相關(guān)真題，下面是小鐘老師分享的2023年5月20日雅思閱讀考試真題及答案解析。
一、2023年5月20日雅思閱讀考試真題及答案
PASSAGE 1 ：農(nóng)耕方式的發(fā)展
PASSAGE 2 ：古代不同民族間的商品交易
PASSAGE 3 ：溝通沖突
27. iii
28. vii
29. i
30. iv
31. ix
32. viii
33. v
34. ii
判斷
35. FALSE
36. TRUE
37. NOT GIVEN
38. TRUE
39. TRUE
單選
40. B
二、雅思閱讀考試形式
雅思閱讀考試分學(xué)術(shù)類和培訓(xùn)類兩種，分別針對(duì)申請(qǐng)留學(xué)的學(xué)生和計(jì)劃在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言國(guó)家參加工作或移民的人士。三篇文章40道題目總共用時(shí)60分鐘，包括將答案謄寫到答題卡上的時(shí)間。
學(xué)術(shù)類（A類）閱讀考試形式：IELTS考試閱讀（學(xué)術(shù)類）部分共有三篇文章，考生需要回答40道題目。每一篇文章所需要回答的問(wèn)題數(shù)量并不相同。每一道問(wèn)題相對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)分?jǐn)?shù)。文章內(nèi)容和題目均出現(xiàn)于問(wèn)卷中。
培訓(xùn)類（G類）閱讀考試形式：IELTS 考試閱讀（培訓(xùn)類）部分共有三部分，文章難度由淺至深，考生需要回答40道題目。第一部分有14道題目，通常包含2到3篇短文或者若干段文字（如廣告 等）。第二和第三部分分別有13道題目。第二部分通常有2篇文章，第三部分則為一段較長(zhǎng)的文章。文章內(nèi)容和題目均出現(xiàn)于問(wèn)卷中。
三、雅思閱讀文章類型
1. 關(guān)于歐洲及世界社會(huì)發(fā)展，經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況，科學(xué)動(dòng)向以及文化交流的文章
自1995年雅思考試的題型做出重大改革以后，有兩條原則就被命題的劍橋大學(xué)考試委員會(huì)（UCLES）反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)非專業(yè)原則和國(guó)際化原則。為了使 不同地域，不同政治經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，不同膚色，不同文化背景的人能平等且毫無(wú)理解困難地參與雅思，法律及專業(yè)性較強(qiáng)的醫(yī)學(xué)，生物學(xué)，哲學(xué)，文學(xué)，藝術(shù)等的文章已 經(jīng)不再作為雅思的考查范圍。
2. 關(guān)于地球，自然界的科學(xué)現(xiàn)象及地理現(xiàn)象的文章
這種文章類型在I中最為普遍，其涵蓋面之廣無(wú)從細(xì)分，但就最近一年以來(lái)考試文章分析，主要還是以下幾種類型：
太空，宇宙概況，以及外星生物探討等。
全球氣候變暖，厄爾尼諾，洋流異常，臭氧層破壞。
地球?yàn)?zāi)難，火山爆發(fā)，地震，彗星撞地球，森林大火，生物滅絕。
3. 人類歷史發(fā)展中重要事件，重要人物及重要標(biāo)志性產(chǎn)品
這也是雅思中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的一種重要的文章類型，但自1998年開(kāi)始對(duì)重要人物的考查總是和重要事件交織在一起，不再單獨(dú)羅列。人類歷史上的重大發(fā)明和表明人類文明輝煌成就的重大事件也是重點(diǎn)考查內(nèi)容（發(fā)明電視，電影，計(jì)算機(jī)及登陸月球）。
四、雅思閱讀考試題型
段落標(biāo)題（paragraphheadings）
在做雅思閱讀文章的時(shí)候，后面給出listofheadings，一般是10個(gè)左右選項(xiàng)，其中含一到兩個(gè)段落及其標(biāo)題的例子。要求對(duì)題目中給出的段落，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容找出與其相匹配的段落標(biāo)題。盡管題目說(shuō)明中提示一個(gè)選項(xiàng)可能會(huì)適用多個(gè)，但正式考試中一般一個(gè)選項(xiàng)只能用于一個(gè)段落。
段落標(biāo)題類答題步驟：
1.首先在listofheadings中劃去做為例子的heading或headings，以免在根據(jù)段落內(nèi)容在listofheadings中找出與其相匹配的段落標(biāo)題時(shí)，它（它們）會(huì)干擾考試者對(duì)其他headings的選擇。
2.在文章中把做為例子的段落劃掉，以免對(duì)例子段落進(jìn)行不必要的精讀。
3.對(duì)題目中給出的段落，按照首句（第1、二句）、末句和中間句尋找主題句的方法，在listofheadings中找出與其相匹配的段落標(biāo)題。
4.如果時(shí)間允許，按照文章的段落順序，對(duì)非題目中給出的段落及例子段落進(jìn)行快速閱讀，而對(duì)題目中給出并要求找出與其相匹配的段落標(biāo)題的段落進(jìn)行精讀。找出其關(guān)鍵意思后，再在listofheadings中找出與其相匹配的段落標(biāo)題。
5.選出幾個(gè)可能匹配的題目進(jìn)行比較（通常兩至三個(gè)），當(dāng)然其中只能有一個(gè)為正確答案。
6.對(duì)于第1種匹配題型可以將較難的題留在末尾進(jìn)行匹配，不要在較難的題上花費(fèi)更多的時(shí)間，而應(yīng)選擇較易回答的題目進(jìn)行匹配，末尾所剩即為該難題的答案。
7.要仔細(xì)檢察答案，特別是第1題型，因?yàn)榇疱e(cuò)一題，便意味著答錯(cuò)兩道題。
辨別正誤題型（True/false/notgiven）：
該題型還涉及到：（notgiven/notmentioned）沒(méi)有提到，有時(shí)還會(huì)出現(xiàn)下列提法accurat/inaccurat準(zhǔn)確/不準(zhǔn)確；supported/contradicted一致/不一致。correct/incorrect正確與不正確。辨別正誤題型屬于難度較大的題型。通常在閱讀測(cè)試中的第三或第四部分出現(xiàn)。
在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)如不能完成某一組題，留出一分鐘，用邏輯方法猜測(cè)答案做答。這一方法在回答辨別正誤（True；false；notgiven）題型時(shí)很有效。邏輯猜題在IELTS測(cè)試中是答題的一個(gè)很關(guān)鍵的方法。事實(shí)上由于時(shí)間的限制，很多題是通過(guò)此方法求出的。
辨別正誤題答題步驟：
1.詳細(xì)閱讀并理解答題指引部分，確定答題方式。
2.確切理解問(wèn)句的含義，嚴(yán)格按照文章本身意思理解和推斷，不要想當(dāng)然。
3.找出問(wèn)句中的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)。
4.利用關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)在文章中確定答案位置。

希望以上的答復(fù)能對(duì)您的留學(xué)申請(qǐng)有所幫助。如果您有任何更詳細(xì)的問(wèn)題或需要進(jìn)一步的協(xié)助，我強(qiáng)烈推薦您訪問(wèn)我們的留學(xué)官方網(wǎng)站 ，在那里您可以找到更多專業(yè)的留學(xué)考試規(guī)劃和留學(xué)資料以及*的咨詢服務(wù)。祝您留學(xué)申請(qǐng)順利！

請(qǐng)問(wèn)2023年3月27日雅思閱讀考試真題答案

您好，我是專注留學(xué)考試規(guī)劃和留學(xué)咨詢的小鐘老師。選擇留學(xué)是人生重要的決策之一，而作為您的指導(dǎo)，我非常高興能為您提供最準(zhǔn)確的留學(xué)解答和規(guī)劃。無(wú)論您的問(wèn)題是關(guān)于考試準(zhǔn)備、專業(yè)選擇、申請(qǐng)流程還是學(xué)校信息，我都在這里為您解答。更多留學(xué)資訊和學(xué)校招生介紹，歡迎隨時(shí)訪問(wèn)。
閱讀是雅思考試其中的一部分，在這部分的考試?yán)锿潜容^容易拿高分的。而學(xué)生在準(zhǔn)備這部分的考試時(shí)可以看看以往的一些閱讀真題。那么下面就到小鐘老師來(lái)看看2023年3月27日雅思閱讀考試真題答案。
2023年3月27日雅思閱讀真題與答案：
Passage 1
主題：種樹(shù)
參考答案：無(wú)
Passage 2
主題：如何吸引人才
參考答案：無(wú)
14-17 匹配
14. F
15. B
16. C
17. G
18-21 判斷
18. NOT GIVEN
19. YES
20. NO
21. YES
22-26 填空
22. *ysts / star- stock *ysts
23. performance star / star / star performer
24. working environments / settings
25. salary
26. rivals
Passage 3
主題：Musical Maladies
參考答案：
27- 30 選擇
27. B
28. C
29. A
30. A
31- 36 判斷
31. YES
32. NOT GIVEN
33. NO
34. NOT GIVEN
35. YES
36. NO
37-40 匹配
37. F
38. B
39. A
40. D
怎么增加雅思閱讀詞匯量：
技能1：語(yǔ)法
語(yǔ)法在有些人看來(lái)是沒(méi)有用的，他們認(rèn)為學(xué)語(yǔ)法是過(guò)時(shí)的，完整和良好的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境可以使我們?cè)陂L(zhǎng)時(shí)間的語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生語(yǔ)感，即使沒(méi)有專門系統(tǒng)的語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)，我們的英文一樣可以很地道。但是在目前的中國(guó)，擁有完整和良好的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境以及長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐是很難做到的，并且雅思閱讀文章中會(huì)出現(xiàn)大量的長(zhǎng)句，而如果考生們語(yǔ)法不好，則會(huì)直接影響句子的理解，最終影響雅思閱讀的成績(jī)。因此要備戰(zhàn)雅思，語(yǔ)法的精通是必不可少的。
雅思閱讀文章中會(huì)出現(xiàn)很多的長(zhǎng)句，考察考生們從句子的主干成分——主謂結(jié)構(gòu)入手，對(duì)并列句、比較句、指代句、復(fù)合句和雙重否定句充分把握，并且結(jié)合句子上下文，正確理解掌握其要表達(dá)的意思的能力。因此建議高中考生們平時(shí)多多培養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)句短讀的能力，并且在讀完一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句后能夠自己歸納總結(jié)，提煉其要點(diǎn)。
技能2：知識(shí)面
雅思閱讀考試以大眾題材為主，不涉及專業(yè)性很強(qiáng)的文章，以免給不同專業(yè)的考生造成優(yōu)勢(shì)或者劣勢(shì)。因此很多閱讀文章中的題目，考生們運(yùn)用常識(shí)就可以直接確定答案。但是中國(guó)的大部分高中生都是“一心只讀圣賢書，兩耳不聞窗外事”，常識(shí)的缺乏一定程度上會(huì)影響考生們背單詞、猜單詞甚至解題效率。
在此，專家建議高中考生們?cè)谄綍r(shí)擴(kuò)大自己的知識(shí)面，了解和雅思閱讀材料有關(guān)的背景知識(shí)，如美國(guó)的人文、地理和歷史概況及中西文化差異，多讀一些涉及經(jīng)濟(jì)、教育、科技、醫(yī)學(xué)、環(huán)境、能源、地質(zhì)、動(dòng)植物等話題的文章，（相關(guān)網(wǎng)站如；；）也可以觀看探索頻道的一些電視節(jié)目或者自然解碼等。
技能3：技巧
詞匯和語(yǔ)法是基礎(chǔ)，而閱讀方法&技巧的掌握和正確運(yùn)用則可以幫助考生把詞匯和語(yǔ)法發(fā)揮到最大功效，因此高中生們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)并掌握雅思閱讀考試所需要的詞匯和語(yǔ)法的同時(shí)，還應(yīng)該注重閱讀技巧的學(xué)習(xí)和掌握。
雅思閱讀考試最大特點(diǎn)是閱讀量大，而且重點(diǎn)考核考生正確理解文章，把握文章主旨和結(jié)構(gòu)，迅速定位所需要的具體信息，理解某些特定細(xì)節(jié)，弄清句子間的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行一定的判斷的能力。因此考生們?cè)趥淇紩r(shí)要注意掌握略讀（Skimming）（略讀要求學(xué)生快速瀏覽全篇，領(lǐng)會(huì)主旨大意或抓住主要內(nèi)容）、跳讀（Scanning）（跳讀要求學(xué)生從語(yǔ)言材料中快速獲取特定信息）、細(xì)讀（Losingreading）（細(xì)讀要求學(xué)生理解文章細(xì)節(jié)及其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，促進(jìn)對(duì)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的更深層次的理解）等閱讀方法。
雅思閱讀考試的常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題：
1、不看題目要求粗心大意
其實(shí)對(duì)于聰明的中國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，許多時(shí)候雅思閱讀的題目要求都可以給我們?cè)S多的暗示，例如題目中有NB這樣的字眼，有些備選項(xiàng)會(huì)被用上2次，這無(wú)疑是出題者給我們無(wú)聲的暗示。還有對(duì)于一些notes/diagram/sentence completion的題目，一定要看清字?jǐn)?shù)要求，要不就會(huì)出力不討好了。還有些題干上會(huì)標(biāo)明考查段落，千萬(wàn)不要不看題干，回原文通篇瘋狂地尋找，既耽誤了時(shí)間，又降低了正確率。[學(xué)英語(yǔ)，就上英語(yǔ)巴士網(wǎng)]
2、陷入生詞困擾
大多數(shù)的閱讀段落首句都是主題句，呈現(xiàn)出總分結(jié)構(gòu)的特征，接下來(lái)的支持具層層展開(kāi)，保持著與主題句的線性支持關(guān)系，這樣一來(lái)，閱讀一段文章時(shí)， 思路只要按照首句的方向展開(kāi)即可，如果第二句和第三句與首句保持一致，那么首句就是段落的主題句，除非中間出現(xiàn)了大的轉(zhuǎn)折或者對(duì)比，改變了方向。而如果首 句是主題句，那么首句的方向就是整個(gè)段落的方向，因此，在閱讀過(guò)程中只要把握“主題”和“方向”，以及維持或改變方向的“關(guān)系詞”，就能理解主旨，而段落中的生詞變得毫無(wú)意義。當(dāng)然詞匯對(duì)于閱讀有致命的影響，我們鼓勵(lì)大家用技巧和方法的同時(shí)，提高詞匯是解決英語(yǔ)閱讀的根本長(zhǎng)期問(wèn)題。
3、指讀和回讀的不良習(xí)慣
指讀，顧名思義，用手指或者筆邊指邊讀的習(xí)慣說(shuō)明是在以“詞”為單位閱讀。以一篇?jiǎng)蚱咧械难潘嘉恼聻槔?，文章篇幅A4紙正反面，字?jǐn)?shù)在 1300字左右，如果word by word，一是時(shí)間緊迫，無(wú)法在考試規(guī)定時(shí)間完成題目；二是容易斷章取義，失去了對(duì)文章整體感的把握。

以上信息希望能幫助您在留學(xué)申請(qǐng)的道路上少走彎路。如果您還有更多問(wèn)題或需要深入探討，不要猶豫，您可以在我們的留學(xué)官方網(wǎng)站上找到更豐富的考試資訊、留學(xué)指導(dǎo)和*專家咨詢服務(wù)。我們的團(tuán)隊(duì)始終站在您的角度，為您的留學(xué)夢(mèng)想全力以赴。祝您申請(qǐng)順利！

2020年8月1日雅思閱讀考試真題答案

8月1號(hào)進(jìn)行了八月初的第一場(chǎng)雅思的考試，相信大家對(duì)真題以及答案會(huì)非常的感興趣、今天就由的我為大家介紹2020年8月1日雅思閱讀考試真題答案。

一、考題解析

P1 土地沙漠化

P2 澳大利亞的鸚鵡

P3 多重任務(wù)

二、名師點(diǎn)評(píng)

1.8月份首場(chǎng)考試的難度總體中等，有出現(xiàn)比較多的配對(duì)題，沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)Heading題，其余主要以常規(guī)的填空，判斷和選擇題為主。文章的話題和題型搭配也是在劍橋真題中都有跡可循，所以備考重心依然還是劍橋官方真題。

2. 整體分析：涉及環(huán)境類（P1）、動(dòng)物類（P2）、社科類（P3）。

本次考試的P2和P3均為舊題。P2是動(dòng)物類的話題，題型組合為：段落細(xì)節(jié)配對(duì)+單選+summary填空，難度中等。題型上也延續(xù)19年的出題特點(diǎn)，出現(xiàn)配對(duì)題，考察定位速度和準(zhǔn)確度。P3也出現(xiàn)了段落細(xì)節(jié)配對(duì)，主要是段落細(xì)節(jié)配對(duì)+單選+判斷。三種題型難度中等，但是文章理解起來(lái)略有難度。

3. 部分答案及參考文章：

Passage 1：土地沙漠化

題型及答案待確認(rèn)

Passage 2：澳大利亞的鸚鵡

題型：段落細(xì)節(jié)配對(duì)+單選+Summary填空

技巧分析：由于段落細(xì)節(jié)配對(duì)是完全亂序出題，在定位時(shí)需要先做后面的單選題及填空題，最大化利用已讀信息來(lái)確定答案，盡量避免重復(fù)閱讀，以保證充分的做題時(shí)間。

文章內(nèi)容及題目參考：

A 概況，關(guān)于一個(gè)大的生物種類

B 一些物種消失的原因，題干關(guān)鍵詞：an example of one bird species extinct

C 一種鸚鵡不能自己存活，以捕食另一種鳥(niǎo)為生，吃該鳥(niǎo)類的蛋。題干關(guān)鍵詞：two species competed at the expense of oneanother

D 吸引鸚鵡的原因以及鸚鵡嘴的特點(diǎn)。題干關(guān)鍵詞：*ysis of reasons as Australian landscapeattract parrots

E 植物是如何適應(yīng)鸚鵡。題干關(guān)鍵詞：plants attract birds which make the animal adaptto the environment

F 南半球?qū)τ⒄Z(yǔ)的影響

G 兩種鸚鵡從環(huán)境改變中獲益并存活下來(lái)。題干關(guān)鍵詞：two species of parrots benefit fromm theenvironment change

H 外來(lái)物種及本地鸚鵡

I 鳥(niǎo)類棲息地被破壞以及人類采取的措施

J 作者對(duì)于鸚鵡問(wèn)題的態(tài)度

單選題：

why parrots in the whole world are lineal descendants of

選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞：continent split from Africa

the writer thinks parrots species beak is for

選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞：adjust to their suitable diet

which one is not mentioned

選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞：should be frequently maintained

填空題：分布在文章的前兩段

one-sixth

16th century

mapmaker

John Gould

Passage 3：多重任務(wù)

題型：段落細(xì)節(jié)配對(duì)+單選+判斷

參考答案及文章

28 F

29I

30C

31B

32G

33C

34B

35A

36YES

37YES

38NO

39NOT GIVEN

40NO

Passage3： multitasking

Multitasking Debate—Can you do them at the same time？

Talking on the phone while driving isn＇t the only situationwhere we＇re worse at multitasking than we might like to think we are. Newstudies have identified a bottleneck in our brains that some say means we arefundamentally incapable of true multitasking. If experimental findings reflectreal-world performance， people who think they are multitasking are probablyjust underperforming in all-or at best， all but one -of their parallelpursuits. Practice might improve your performance， but you will never be asgood as when focusing on one task at a time.

The problem， according to René Marois， a psychologist atVanderbilt University in Nashville， Tennessee， is that there＇s a sticking pointin the brain. To demonstrate this， Marois devised an experiment to locate nteers watch a screen and when a particular image appears， a red circle，say， they have to press a key with their index finger. Different colouredcircles require presses from different fingers. Typical response time is about half a second， and thevolunteers quickly reach their peak performance. Then they learn to listen todifferent recordings and respond by making a specific sound. For instance， whenthey hear a bird chirp， they have to say ＂ba＂； an electronic soundshould elicit a ＂ko＂， and so on. Again， no problem. A normal personcan do that in about half a second， with almost no effort. The trouble comeswhen Marois shows the volunteers an image， then almost immediately plays them asound. Now they＇re flummoxed. ＂If you show an image and play a sound atthe same time， one task is postponed，＂ he says. In fact，if the second taskis introduced within the half-second or so it takes to process and react to thefirst， it will simply be delayed until the first one is done. The largestdual-task delays occur when the two tasks are presented simultaneously； delaysprogressively shorten as the interval between presenting the tasks lengthens（See Diagram）.

There are at least three points where we seem to getstuck， says Marois. The first is in simply identifying what we＇re looking ?can take a few tenths of a second， during which time we are not able tosee and recognise a second item. This limitation is known as the＂attentional blink＂： experiments have shown that if you＇re watchingout for a particular event and a second one shows up unexpectedly any timewithin this crucial window of concentration， it may register in your visualcortex but you will be unable to act upon it. Interestingly， if you don＇texpect the first event， you have no trouble responding to the second. Whatexactly causes the attentional blink is still a matter for debate.

A second limitation is in our short-term visual ＇s estimated that we can keep track of about four items at a time， fewer ifthey are complex. This capacity shortage is thought to explain， in part， our astonishinginability to detect even huge changes in scenes that are otherwise identical，so-called ＂change blindness＂. Show people pairs of near-identicalphotos -say， aircraft engines in one picture have disappeared in the other -andthey will fail to spot the differences （if you don＇t believe it， check out theclips at /~rensink/flicker/download）. Here again， though， thereis disagreement about what the essential limiting factor really is. Does itcome down to a dearth of storage capacity， or is it about how much attention aviewer is paying？

A third limitation is that choosing a response to astimulus -braking when you see a child in the road， for instance，or replyingwhen your mother tells you over the phone that she＇s thinking of leaving yourdad -also takes brainpower. Selecting a response to one of these things willdelay by some tenths of a second your ability to respond to the other. This iscalled the ＂response selection bottleneck＂ theory， first proposed in1952.

Last December， Marois and his colleagues published apaper arguing that this bottleneck is in fact created in two different areas ofthe brain： one in the posterior lateral prefrontal cortex and another in thesuperior medial frontal cortex （Neuron， vol 52， p 1109）. They found this byscanning people＇s brains with functional MRI while the subjects struggled tochoose among eight possible responses to each of two closely timed tasks. Theydiscovered that these brain areas are not tied to any particular sense but aregenerally involved in selecting responses， and they seemed to queue theseresponses when presented with multiple tasks concurrently.

Bottleneck？ What bottleneck？

But David Meyer， a psychologist at the University ofMichigan， Ann Arbor， doesn＇t buy the bottleneck idea. He thinks dual-taskinterference is just evidence of a strategy used by the brain to prioritisemultiple activities. Meyer is known as something of an optimist by his ?has written papers with titles like ＂Virtually perfect time-sharing indual-task performance： Uncorking the central cognitive bottleneck＂（Psychological Science， vol 12， p101）. His experiments have shown that withenough practice -at least 2000 tries -some people can execute two taskssimultaneously as competently as if they were doing them one after the ?suggests that there is a central cognitive processor that coordinates allthis and， what＇s more， he thinks it uses discretion： sometimes it chooses todelay one task while completing another.

Even with practice， not all people manage to achieve thisharmonious time-share， however. Meyer argues that individual differences comedown to variations in the character of the processor -some brains are just more＂cautious＂， some more ＂daring＂. And despite urban legend，there are no noticeable

differences between men and women. So， according to him，it＇s not a central bottleneck that causes dual-task interference， but rather＂adaptive executive control＂， which ＂schedules task processesappropriately to obey instructions about their relative priorities and serialorder＂.

Marois agrees that practice can sometimes eraseinterference effects. He has found that with just 1 hour of practice each dayfor two weeks， volunteers show a huge improvement at managing both his tasks atonce. Where he disagrees with Meyer is in what the brain is doing to achievethis. Marois speculates that practice might give us the chance to find lesscongested circuits to execute a task -rather like finding trusty back streetsto avoid heavy traffic on main roads -effectively making our response to thetask subconscious. After all， there are plenty of examples of subconsciou*ultitasking that most of us routinely manage： walking and talking， eating andreading， watching TV and folding the laundry.

But while some dual tasks benefit from practice， otherssimply do not. ＂Certain kinds of tasks are really hard to do two atonce，＂ says Pierre Jolicoeur at the University of Montreal， Canada， whoalso studies multitasking. Dual tasks involving a visual stimulus andskeletal-motor response （which he dubs ＂in the eye and out the hand＂）and an auditory stimulus with a verbal response （＂in the ear and out themouth＂） do seem to be amenable to practice， he says. Jolicoeur has foundthat with enough training such tasks can be performed as well together asapart. He speculates that the brain connections that they use may be somehowspecial， because we learn to speak by hearing and learn to move by looking. Butpair visual input with a verbal response， or sound to motor， and there＇s nodramatic improvement. ＂It looks like no amount of practice will allow youto combine these，＂ he says.

For research purposes， these experiments have to be keptsimple. Real-world multitasking poses much greater challenges. Even the upbeatMeyer is sceptical about how a lot of us live our lives. Instant-messaging andtrying to do your homework？ ＂It can＇t be done，＂ he says. Conducting ajob interview while answering emails？ ＂There＇s no way you wind up being asgood.＂ Needless to say， there appear to be no researchers in the area ofmultitasking who believe that you can safely drive a car and carry on a phoneconversation. In fact， last year David Strayer at the University of Utah inSalt Lake City reported that people using cellphones drive no better thandrunks （Human Factors， vol 48， p 381）. In another study， Strayer found thatusing a hands-free kit did not improve a driver＇s response time. He concludedthat what distracts a driver so badly is the very act of talking to someone whoisn＇t present in the car and therefore is unaware of the hazards facing thedriver.

“No researchers believe it＇s safe to drive a car andcarry on a phone conversation”

It probably comes as no surprise that， generallyspeaking， we get worse at multitasking as we age. According to Art Kramer atthe University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign， who studies how ageing affectsour cognitive abilities， we peak in our 20s. Though the decline is slow throughour 30s and on into our 50s， it is there； and after 55， it becomes moreprecipitous. In one study， he and his colleagues had both young and oldparticipants do a simulated driving task while carrying on a conversation. Hefound that while young drivers tended to miss background changes， older driversfailed to notice things that were highly relevant. Likewise， older subjects hadmore trouble paying attention to the more important parts of a scene than youngdrivers.

It＇s not all bad news for over-55s， though. Kramer alsofound that older people can benefit from practice. Not only did they learn toperform better， brain scans showed that underlying that improvement was achange in the way their brains become active.

Whileit＇s clear that practice can often make a difference， especially as we age， thebasic facts remain sobering. ＂We have this impression of an almightycomplex brain，＂ says Marois， ＂and yet we have very humbling andcrippling limits.＂ For most of our history， we probably never needed to domore than one thing at a time， he says， and so we haven＇t evolved to be ableto. Perhaps we will in future， though. We might yet look back one day on peoplelike Debbie and Alun as ancestors of a new breed of true multitaskers.

以上，就是大學(xué)路小編給大家?guī)?lái)的劍橋雅思8test1閱讀passage3 請(qǐng)問(wèn)2023年3月27日雅思閱讀考試真題答案全部?jī)?nèi)容，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助！